These papers were first presented as a symposium at the annual meeti ng of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Boston, Dec.27,1953. They were published in Sept. 1954 issue of Human biology.

Includes biliographies.

CONTENTS.-A dedication, by J.A. Gavan.- The importance of primate st udies in anthropology, by E. Hooton.- Fossil primates in the New World , by G. L. Jepsen.- The geologic history of non- hominid primates in th e old world , by B. Patterson. Comparative anatomy of New World primate s and its bering on the phylogeny of anthropoidapes and men, by G. E Er ickson.- Primate evolution from the viewpoit of comparative anatomy , b y D. D. Davis.- A comparative functional analysis of primates skulls by the spilt- line techque, by N. C. Tappen .- Metric and morphologyi c variations in the dentition of the Liberian chimpanzee; comparisions with anthropoia and human dentitions, by E. L. Schuman and C. L. Brace .- Tentative generalization of the grouping behavior of non-human prima tes, by H. W. Nissen.- The cultural capacity of chimpazee, by K.J. haye s and C. hayes.- Closing remarks, by W.L. Straus, Jr..