Partition and adsorption of organic contaminants in environmental sy stems - Chiou, C. T. (Cary T.) (Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley-Interscience, 2002)
Machine generated contents note: 1 Important Thermodynamic Propertie s -- 1.1 Introduction 1 -- 1.2 First Law of Thermodynamics 2 -- 1.3 Sec ond Law of Thermodynamics 3 -- 1.4 Extensive and Intensive Properties 6 -- 1.5 Chemical Potential 6 -- 1.6 Chemical Potentials in Multiple Pha ses 7 -- 1.7 Change in Chemical Potential with Pressure 8 -- 1.8 Activi ty of a Substance: 9 -- 1.9 Vapor-Liquid and Vapor-Solid Equilibria 10 -- 2 Fundamentals of the Solution Theory -- 2.1 Introduction 14 -- 2.2 Raoult's Law 14 -- 2.3 Henry's Law 18 -- 2.4 Flory-Huggins Theory 19 -- 2.5 Variation of Activity Coefficient with Concentration 21 -- 2.6 Mol ar Heat of Solution 22 -- 2.7 Cohesive Energy Density and Solubility Pa rameter 27 -- 3 Interphase Partition Equations -- 3.1 Partition between Two Separate Phases 30 -- 3.2 Partition between an Organic Solvent and Water 31 -- 3.3 Partition between a Macramolecular Phase and Water 32 -- 3.4 Temperature Dependence of Partition Coefficient 33 -- 3.5 Concen tration Dependence of Partition Coefficient 36 -- 4 Fundamentals of the Adsorption Theory -- 4.1 Introduction 39 -- 4.2 Langmuir Adsorption Is otherm 41 -- 4.3 Freundlich Equation 43 -- 4.4 BET Multilayer Adsorptio n Theory 43 -- 4.5 Polanyi Adsorption Potential Theory 45 -- 4.6 Surfac e Areas of Solids 48 -- 4.7 Sosteric Heat of Adsorption 50 -- 5 Contami nant Partition and Bioconcentration -- 5.1 Introduction 53 -- 5.2 Octan ol-Water Systems 54 -- 5.3 Heptane-Water Systems 59 -- 5.4 Butanol-Wate r Systems 62 -- 5.5 Substituent Contributions to Partition Coefficients 63 -- 5.6 Lipid-Water Systems 68 -- 5.6.1 Solubility of Solutes in Lip ids 68 -- 5.6.2 Lipid-Water Partition Coefficient 72 -- 5.7 Correlation s of Partition Coefficients 77 -- 5.8 Bioconcentration of Organic Conta minants 80 -- 6 Adsorption of Vapors on Minerals and Other Solids -- 6. 1 Introduction 86 -- 6.2 Nitrogen Isotherm and Solid Surface Area 86 -- 6.3 Micropore Volume 90 -- 6.4 Imnproper Surface-Area Measurement 92 - - 6.5 Adsorption of Water and Organic Vapors 100 -- 7 Contaminant Sorpt ion to Soils and Natural Solids -- 7.1 Introduction 106 -- 7.2 Backgrou nd in Sorption Studies 107 -- 7.2.1 Influences of Mineral Matter, Organ ic Matter, and Water 107 -- 7.2.2 Soils as a Dual Sorbent for Organic C ompounds 109 -- 7.3 Sorption from Water Solution 112 -- 7.3.1 General E quilibrium Characteristics 112 -- 7.3.2 Effect of Soil Organic Matter v ersus Sediment Organic Matter 124 -- 7.3.3 Effect of Contaminant Water Solubility 133 -- 7.3.4 Behavior of PAHs versus Other Nonpolar Contamin ants 138 -- 7.3.5 Estimation of Sorption Coefficients for Nonpolar Cont aminants 145 -- 7.3.6 Sorption to Previouy Contaminated Soils 146 -- 7. 3.7 Deviations from Linear Sorption Isotherms 149 -- 7.3.8 Influence of Dissolv and Suspended Natural Organic Matter 18 -- 7.3.9 Influence of Surfactants and Microemulsions 178 -- 7.4 Sorption from Organic Solvent s 192 -- 7.4.1 Effect of Solvent Polarity 192 -- 7.4.2 Effects of Tempe rature, Moisture, and Contaminant Polarity 195 -- 7.5 Sorption from Vap or Phase 200 -- 7.5.1 General Aspects of Vapor Sorption 200 -- 7.5.2 In fluence of Moisture on Vapor Sorptiom 203 -- 7.6 Influence of Sorption on Contaminant Activity 210 -- 8 Contaminant Uptake by Plants from Soil and Water -- 8.1 Introduction 214 -- 8.2 Background in Plant-Uptake St udies 215 -- 8.3 Theoretical Considerations 216 -- 8.4 Uptake by Small Plant Roots from Water 220 -- 8.5 Uptake by Plant Seedlings from Soil 2 23 -- 8.6 Uptake by Root Crops from Different Soils 226 -- 8.7 Effect o f Plant Composition 228 -- 8.8 Contaminant Levels in Aquatic Plants and Sediments 229 -- 8.9 Time Dependence of Contaminants in Plants 231.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 235-248) and index.
Keywords: Organic compounds -- Environmental aspects; Soil pollution; Soil absorption and adsorption