Originally published as the author's thesis (doctoral)--University o f Gothenburg, Sweden, 2011.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 316-332).

Introduction -- Theoretical framework : democracy, democratisation a nd development -- Methodology -- Statism and development from above : T anzanian development 1961-2010, a brief context -- Sphere 1. State/stat e capacity the political institutions and challenges for democratisatio n within the state -- Sphere 3 and 4 : political institutions outside t he state. Media, NGOs, democratic culture and economic development -- S phere 3 : political parties: challenges for the opposition -- Political reforms and the 2000 and 2005 elections: the consolidation of election alism, but not of democracy? -- Concluding discussion -- Appendix 1 : a profile of the political parties in Tanzania.