"An Oryx book."

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Machine generated contents note: Part I. The Ancient and Precolonial Period -- Africa: An Overview 3 -- 1. The Prehistoric Past: The Evolut ion of Homo sapiens sapiens, 40,000 B.C. 18 -- 2. The Agricultural Revo lution, 5000 B.C.+ 26 -- 3. The Civilization of Ancient Egypt, 3100 B.C .+ 34 -- 4. The Iron Age and the Spread of Bantu Speakers, 730 B.C.+ 43 -- 5. The Rise of Kush and Aksum, 730 B.C.+ 54 -- 6. The Greeks and Ro mans in North Africa, 332 B.C.+ 62 -- 7. Ethiopia: The Emergence of a C hristian Kingdom, A.D. 1250+ 69 -- 8. The Spread of Islam, A.D. 622 Onw ard 79 -- 9. Kingdoms of West Africa: Ghana, Mali, and Songhay, A.D. 10 00-1600 90 -- 10. The Rise of the Swahili City-States of East Africa, T enth-Fourteenth Century A.D. 102 -- 11. The Atlantic Slave Trade, 1440- 1870 110 -- 12. The Organization of Societies, Fifteenth Century A.D. O nward 119 -- Part II. The Nineteenth-Century Period -- 13. The Outbreak of Islamic Jihad, 1804 131 -- 14. Wars and Revolution among the Yoruba , 1817-93 140 -- 15. The Spread of Christianity, 1804 Onward 149 -- 16. The Rise of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, 1811-47 159 -- 17. The Mfecane: Sha ka and the Zulu Kingdom, 1816-40 167 -- 18. European Conquest and Afric an Response, 1885-1900 175 -- Part III. The Twentieth-Century Period -- 19. The Colonial Experience, 1900-1939 187 -- 20. The Entrenchment of Apartheid in South Africa, 1948 197 -- 21. Africa Drawn into the Second World War, 1940-45 205 -- 22. The End of European Rule, 1951-90 212 -- 23. Violence to Gain National Liberation, 1952-62 221 -- 24. Confronta tion with the Gains and Pains -- of Independence, 1958-70 231 -- 25. Th e Formation of the Organization of African Unity, 1963 239 -- 26. Coups , Counter Coups, and Military Regimes, 1963 Onward 246 -- 27. Ujamaa an d Policy Choices, 1967 Onward 254 -- 28. The Creation of the Economic C ommunity of West African States, 1975 262 -- 29. Portuguese Colonies At tain Freedom, 1975 270 -- 30. Cultural Revival and Cultural Inventory: -- The Second World Black Festival of Arts and Culture, 1977 281 -- 31. The Women's Decade, 1975-85 289 -- 32. A Continent in Deep Crisis, 198 0 Onward 297 -- 33. Environmental Challenges, 1980s Onward 305 -- 34. A frican Refugees, 1980 Onward 312 -- 35. Africa in World Politics in Tra nsition, 1980s Onward 320 -- 36. The Fall of Apartheid and the Advent o f Nelson Mandela's Government, 1994-99 328.